In today's digital age, the proliferation of misinformation and disinformation poses significant challenges to society. With the rapid dissemination of information through various online platforms, distinguishing fact from fiction has become increasingly difficult. Misinformation refers to false or inaccurate information that is unintentionally spread, often due to errors or misunderstandings. On the other hand, disinformation is deliberately created and disseminated with the intent to deceive or manipulate audiences. Both misinformation and disinformation can have harmful consequences, influencing public opinion, shaping narratives, and undermining trust in reliable sources of information. The rise of social media and digital communication technologies has accelerated the spread of misinformation and disinformation. Factors such as confirmation bias, echo chambers , and the viral nature of online content contribute to the rapid dissemination of false information. The consequenc...